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Population is the total number of people living within a country or a geographical area at a particular time. Population in other words, refers to the total number of children, adults (men and women), youth (boys and girls) living in a given geographical area, which may be a town, village or country, at a specific time.
The study of population is very important for many reasons. Such reasons include the determination of the working population, allocation of resources, the availability of labor, etc. As at 1982, the world population was put at 4.5 billion people. With the world average population growth rate at 1.8%, it was estimated that by the year 2000, the population of the world would have been 6.25 billion. This is not far from the truth as it is about 6,697,254,041, base on world statistics from the site "100people". In terms of continents, Asia is the most populous continent in the world, followed by Africa, Europe, North America, South America and lastly Australia and the Oceania and Antarctica. In terms of countries, China is the most populous country, then India, United states, Indonesia etc. In Africa, Nigeria is the most populous country.
Population Census
this is the head count of all nationals of a country at a particular time. It refers to the counting by government of all children, boys, girls, men and women, including the disabled in a country at a given period of time. Censuses are usually taken every 10 years when a series of censuses has been undertaken properly, it becomes easier, using the rate of growth, to estimate the population between the periods of counts. Population census provides information about age, sex, occupation, residence, etc. Let's take Nigeria foe example. In Nigeria, several population censuses were taken by the government, The census of 1952/53 was given as 3.12 million people. This figure, according to observers at that time was underestimated. Another census conducted in 1962/63, which put the country population at 55.670 million. This figure, as of that time, was over inflated. This raised a lot of controversy regarding its reliability and acceptability. In 1973, another count gave a population of 79 million people. This figure was rejected due to double counting and overestimation. In 1991, another population census, was taken. It was given as 88,514,501 people. Since then there has been no 'true' census and the current estimate of Nigeria's population as of 2004 is put ar 120 million, 2008- 140 million, 2010- close to 180 million.
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Source by Funom Makama